Pediatric Z-Score Calculators

A z-score expresses a measurement as the number of standard deviations from the mean expected for a child's age or body size, making an abnormal value comparable across a growing child. This hub collects Centilo's pediatric z-score calculators for echocardiography and growth, each shown with its primary published reference.

Growth

CDC Growth Charts →
Weight, stature, BMI, and head circumference percentiles for age (2-20 years) based on CDC 2000 growth standards
Source: Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, et al. 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: Methods and development. Vital Health Stat 11. 2002;(246):1-190.
WHO Growth Charts →
WHO infant growth standards for weight, length, and head circumference (0-5 years)
Source: WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: Methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006.
Fenton Preterm Growth Charts →
Fenton 2013 growth curves for preterm neonates (22-50 weeks postmenstrual age)
Source: Fenton TR, Kim JH. A systematic review and meta-analysis to revise the Fenton growth chart for preterm infants. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:59.
Down Syndrome Growth Charts →
Specialized growth charts for children with Down syndrome
Source: Zemel BS, Pipan M, Stallings VA, et al. Growth Charts for Children with Down Syndrome in the United States. Pediatrics. 2015;136(5):e1204-e1211.
Turner Syndrome Growth Charts →
Specialized growth charts for girls with Turner syndrome
Source: Ranke MB, Pfluger H, Rosendahl W, et al. Turner syndrome: spontaneous growth in 150 cases and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr. 1983;141(2):81-88.

Cardiology

Echo Z-Scores →
Calculates z-scores for cardiac structures by echocardiography using multiple published datasets
Source: Pettersen MD, Du W, Skeens ME, Humes RA. Regression equations for calculation of z scores of cardiac structures in a large cohort of healthy infants, children, and adolescents: an echocardiographic study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2008;21(8):922-934.
Coronary Artery Z-Score →
Dallaire coronary artery z-scores with AHA classification for Kawasaki disease
Source: Dallaire F, Dahdah N. New equations and a critical appraisal of coronary artery Z scores in healthy children. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2011;24(1):60-74.
Doppler Z-Scores →
BSA-indexed z-scores for pulsed Doppler velocities, times, and VTI at the aortic valve, pulmonary valve, and aortic arch
Source: Cantinotti M, Giordano R, Scalese M, et al. Nomograms of pulsed Doppler velocities, times, and velocity time integrals for semilunar valves and great arteries in healthy Caucasian children. Int J Cardiol. 2019;285:133-139.
Fetal Echo Z-Scores →
Z-scores for fetal cardiac measurements using gestational age, BPD, femur length, or head circumference (Lussier 2020)
Source: Lussier EC, Yeh S-J, Chih W-L, et al. Reference ranges and Z-scores for fetal cardiac measurements from two-dimensional echocardiography in Asian population. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(6):e0233179.
Strain Z-Scores →
Age-based z-scores for LV and RV speckle-tracking strain in children (Romanowicz 2023, n=1032)
Source: Romanowicz J, Ferraro AM, Harrington JK, et al. Pediatric Normal Values and Z Score Equations for Left and Right Ventricular Strain by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography Derived from a Large Cohort of Healthy Children. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2023;36(3):310-323.
TDI & PWD Z-Scores →
BSA-indexed z-scores for pulse wave Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging velocities in children (Dallaire 2015, n=233)
Source: Dallaire F, Slorach C, Hui W, et al. Reference Values for Pulse Wave Doppler and Tissue Doppler Imaging in Pediatric Echocardiography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:e002167.
Chamber Z-Scores →
BSA-indexed z-scores for atrial and ventricular chamber dimensions and areas (Cantinotti 2014, n=1091)
Source: Cantinotti M, Scalese M, Murzi B, et al. Echocardiographic Nomograms for Chamber Diameters and Areas in Caucasian Children. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2014;27(12):1279-1292.
Coronary Aneurysm Classification →
AHA 2017 coronary artery aneurysm classification by z-score for Kawasaki disease
Source: Jone PN, Tremoulet A, Choueiter N, et al. Update on Diagnosis and Management of Kawasaki Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;150(23):e481-e500.